Research status on finite element analysis of bone drilling / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

In recent years,the virtual surgery training system with force feedback has provided a new way for young doctors to improve their surgical skills in a safe,efficient and flexible training method.Precise drilling force and realistic hand feeling of manipulation are the cruxes in the virtual surgery training,and the accurate simulation of bone drilling depends on the accurate establishment of drilling force prediction model.The establishment of force prediction model with finite element analysis is the key part in the development of virtual training system.In this paper,the current research status of finite element analysis of bone drilling presented in four aspects:bone model reconstruction,material model,mesh model and prediction of drilling force,especially the construction of bone tissue material model is discussed in detail and several important models are analyzed.This paper presented a relatively complete overview of the approaches commonly used in this research field to promote the establishment of more accurate force prediction models of bone drilling.

Research of genes expression related to ginsenosides biosynthesis by methyl jasmonic acid in ginseng hair roots / 中国中药杂志

In order to obtain the expression of ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway related enzyme gene in ginseng hairy root under the control of elicitors, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was added exogenously as elicitors. Ginseng hairy root clones induced by 4-year-old ginseng root was used as material, total saponin content in ginseng hairy root before and after MeJA treatment was determined by vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetry, Meanwhile, relative expression of squalene synthase genes, squalene epoxidase genes, oxidized squalene cyclase genes, dammarenediol synthase genes, β-amyrin synthase genes, cycloartenol synthase genes before and after MeJA treatment were determined by Real-time PCR. The optimum conditions of MeJA which added to ginseng hairy root were obtained, the optimum additional concentration was 6×10⁻⁴ μmol•L⁻¹, the optimum additional time was 22 d, and the optimum action time was 5 d. The addition of MeJA could improve the enzymatic activity of peroxidase (PPD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (PPD) in ginseng hairy root. The expression of SQS，SQE，OSC，DS and β-AS genes of ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway increased significantly after MeJA treatment, while the change of CAS gene expression were not significant. The expression of key enzyme SQS，SQE，OSC，DS and β-AS genes in ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway was consistent with the changes of PPD，CAT，PPO enzymatic activity.

Research achievements on ginsenosides biosynthesis from Panax ginseng / 中国中药杂志

Panax ginseng is one of the famous rare medicinal herbs, and ginsenosides are the main active ingredient of ginseng is ginsenoside.They can be divided into three chemotypes: oleanane type, protopanaxadiol (PPD) type and the protopanaxatriol (PPT)type. Ginsenosides possess anti-thrombotic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, cancer control, strengthening the immune system and many other effects. Rrogress has remarkably been made in pharmacology, efficacy and blosynthesis of ginsenosides.This review covers the recent research achievements of ginsenasides, which would be helpful for the relevant researchers to get useful information.

Risk factors for postoperative seromas in Chinese breast cancer patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Seroma formation is one of the most common complications after breast cancer surgery. Various risk factors have been evaluated for their associations with the development of seromas in Western populations. However, similar data are not available in Chinese series. Therefore, we sought to investigate the potential risk factors for Chinese breast cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective study of female breast cancer patients undergoing surgery was carried out in Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Univariate analyses were performed by chi-square test or Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test and multivariate analyses by stepwise Logistic regression. The logistic model included age (years), total serum protein concentration (g/L), drainage volume on postoperative day 3 (POD 3; ml) and time to daily drainage volume not more than 30 ml (TTV30; days).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 158 patients with breast cancer were studied. The mean age at diagnosis was (52.14 ± 10.77) years (range 25 - 92). During the follow-up period, 24 (15.2%) patients developed seromas. Calculated as continuous variables in the stepwise Logistic regression, age (OR = 1.090, 95%CI 1.028 - 1.155, P = 0.004), total serum protein concentration (OR = 0.886, 95%CI 0.791 - 0.992, P = 0.036), drainage volume on POD3 (OR = 1.013, 95%CI 1.002 - 1.023, P = 0.017) and TTV30 (OR = 1.273, 95%CI 1.039 - 1.561, P = 0.020) were independent risk factors for seroma formation. Additionally, significant difference in daily drainage volume was substantiated in the analysis by seroma formation (P = 0.034) rather than by type of surgery (P = 0.713).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although the pathogenesis of seroma remains controversial, such risk factors as age, nutritional status, drainage volume on POD3 and TTV30 should be considered for prediction and prevention of seroma formation in Chinese breast cancer patients.</p>

Effects of Jiangu granule containing serum on the cyclins in rat's osteoblast at G1 phase / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Jiangu granule containing serum (JGG-serum) on the cyclins in rat's osteoblast at G1 phase.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteoblasts isolated by enzymatic digestion from SD rats were cultured and intervened with JGG-serum or normal saline (as control) respectively. Cell generation cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and expressions of Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), oncogene protein (P21) in the osteoblast were detected dynamically using immuno-cytochemical and RT-PCR technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with the control, the cell generation cycle and cell proliferation were proceeding quicker in the JGG-serum (20%) intervention group; with higher protein and mRNA expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, as well as much lowered expressions of P21 in nuclei of osteoblast detected at all time points (24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JGG-serum can adjust the G1 phase cyclins in osteoblast cultured in vitro, increase the mRNA and protein expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, and inhibit P21 expression, so as to accelerate the proliferation of osteoblast.</p>

Relationship between seroma formation after operation of breast cancer with comorbidity of internal diseases and patients' characteristics: A clinical study / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the incidence of postoperative seroma formation and the comorbidity of internal diseases. Methods: Clinical data from 130 patients who underwent breast surgery in the department of breast cancer in our hospital were collected and the seroma formation was observed prospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the risk factors related with seroma formation. The difference was compared between the seroma formation group and the control group. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the average of age (59.13 years old vs 51.37 years old, P = 0.002) and body mass index (BMI) (25.33 vs 22.90, P = 0.018) were both significantly higher in the seroma formation group. The incidence of hypertension was higher in the seroma group(30.4% vs 12.1%, P = 0.027). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.065, 95% CI = 1.012-1.116, P = 0.016) and BMI (OR = 1.193, 95% CI = 1.025-1.389, P = 0.023) were independent risk factors for seroma formation. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative seroma formation after breast surgery was related with age, BMI and comorbidity of internal diseases. The appropriate management during perioperative period may be beneficial for decreasing the incidence of seroma formation.

Study on the correlations between the bone quality and level of u-DPD and serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the ovariectomized osteoporosis rats / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlations between the bone quality and level of u-DPD and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the ovariectomized osteoporosis rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female rats were randomly divided into the ovariectomy group (the OVX group) and the sham-operation group (the Sham group), and draw materials in 12 and 24 weeks after operation. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the 1st lumbar, the femoral neck and femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptionetry. The level of urine DPD was measured by ELISA. The concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The limit of compressive strength and elastic modulus of 1st lumbar and bending load of right femur were measured by photoelasticity meter. The osseous morphology of upper tibia was measured by the non-decalcifing section. The correlation of experimental data was analyzed by statistical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In ovariectomy group, except the level of urine DPD/Cr was increase, all data decreased significantly compared with the samp group,and descending continually with the lapse of time. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the urine DPD/Cr and BMD of the 1st lumbar, femur, the limit of compressive strength of 1st lumbar, bending load of femur and trabecular bone area. But there was a positive correlation significantly between the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum and BMD of the 1st lumbar, the femoral neck and femur, trabecular bone area, the limit of compressive strength of 1st lumbar, bend load of femur.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The correlation is remarkable between the bone quality and the level of urine DPD/Cr, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum. We can predict the bone quality by measuring the level of urine DPD/Cr and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum.</p>

Effect of jiangu granule on levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline and osseous intigrin beta1 mRNA expression in Ovariectomized osteoporosis model rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulatory effect of Jiangu Granule (JGG) on osteoblast and its effect on bone absorption on the molecular level and from aspect of bone metabolism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteoporosis model SD rats established by ovariectomy were interfered by drug. Levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) and osseous integrin beta1 (Itgbeta1) mRNA expression were detected by ELISA and in situ hybridization, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Level of urinary D-Pyr increased (P < 0.01) and osseous Itgbeta1 mRNA expression decreased significantly in the model rats. After treatment with JGG for 12 weeks, the D-Pyr levels in them decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the quantity of osteoblasts and the expression of Itgbeta1 mRNA in bone tissue increased obviously. Conclusion JGG can not only decrease the catabolism of collagen fiber type I in bone matrix, but also promote the osteogenic activity of osteoblast. So, it can improve or reverse the pathological tendency of osteogenesis shortage caused by E2 reduction to play its action in strengthening bone.</p>

Effect of jiangu granule on quality of bone in model rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Jiangu granule (JGG) on quality of bone in model rats with osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteoporosis model was established by means of ovariectomy. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual energy X-ray densitometry. Osseous tissue structure of upper tibia was observed by ono-decalcified section and toluidine blue staining, and morphometry was carried out. Compressive strength limit and elastic modulus of first lumbar vertebrae, and bend load of femur were measured by light-based elastometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>JGG can significantly increase BMD, area of trabecula and thickness of bone cortex/diameter of marrow cavity ratio of model rats, to elevate the compressive strength limit of vertebrae and bend load of femur.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JGG could increase BMD of osteoporosis model rats, and also could effectively improve the structure of osseous tissue, biomechanical property of bone and enhance the overall quality of bone.</p>

Study on preventive effect of jiangu granule on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preventive effect of Jiangu granule (JGG) on experimental primary osteoporosis type I.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteoporosis model was established through ovary resection of female rats. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with double energy X-ray absorptiometry. Level of endocrine markers, including osteocalcin (BGP), estradiol (E2) and calcitonin (CT) in serum were examined by RIA. And uterus parameters was calculated also.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>JGG could significantly increase BMD and uterus index, improve the levels of E2 and CT in serum, at the same time reduce the BGP level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JGG can efficiently prevent type I primary osteoporosis or delay its occurrence by enhancing the function of endocrine system, coordinating the action of calcium related hormone, reducing bone turnover rate and increasing BMD.</p>